Water treatment professional terms, involving chemical water treatment, circulating water treatment, sewage treatment and other water treatment fields, the author through many years of water treatment work experience summary, water treatment professional name full analysis, some names are explained by the author according to experience, we only for reference!

Chemical water treatment

1、Surface water: refers to the water existing on the surface of the earth's crust and exposed to the atmosphere. It is the general name of rivers, glaciers, lakes and swamps, also known as "land water".

2、Groundwater: refers to the water stored in the pores below the vadose zone (vadose zone refers to the geological medium below the earth surface and above the water table), including rock pores, fissures and karst caves. Groundwater exists in the cracks in the crust or soil pores.

3、Raw water: refers to the water collected in nature, including but not limited to groundwater, reservoir water and other natural water sources, without any artificial purification treatment.

4、PH：It is the value of pH of solution, pH = - LG [H +], that is, the negative value of the logarithm of the concentration of hydrogen ion.

5、Total alkalinity: the total amount of substances that can neutralize strong acids in water. Such substances include strong base, weak base, strong base and weak acid salt.

6，Phenolphthalein alkalinity: it is the alkalinity measured with phenolphthalein as indicator (titration end pH = 8.2-8.4)

7、Methyl orange alkalinity: the alkalinity measured with methyl orange as indicator (titration end pH = 3.1-4.4)

8、Total acidity: acidity refers to the total amount of substances in water that can neutralize with strong base, including inorganic acid, organic acid, strong acid and weak base salt, etc.

9、Total hardness: in general natural water, it is mainly Ca2 + and Mg2 +, and the content of other ions is very small. Generally, the total content of Ca2 + and Mg2 + in water is called the total hardness of water.

10、Temporary hardness: the hardness formed by the presence of Ca (HCO3) 2 and Mg (HCO3) 2 in water, which can be removed after boiling. This hardness is called carbonate hardness, also known as temporary hardness.

11、Permanent hardness: the hardness formed by the presence of salts such as CaSO4 (CaCl2) and MgSO4 (MgCl2) in water can not be removed after boiling. This hardness is called non carbonate hardness, also known as permanent hardness.

12、Solute: exists in the form of simple molecules or ions in the solution of water (or other solvents). The particle size is usually only a few tenths to a few nanometers. It is not visible to the naked eye and does not have the phenomenon of dingdar. It cannot be seen with the optical microscope.

13、Colloid: a cluster of molecules or ions bound together, usually in the size of tens of nanometers to tens of microns, invisible to the naked eye, but the phenomenon of dingdar occurs. Small colloidal particles cannot be seen with an optical microscope, but large ones can be seen.

14、Suspended solids: small particles formed by the combination of a large number of molecules or ions, the size of which is usually more than tens of microns. It can be clearly seen with an optical microscope. Suspended solids can be precipitated after long standing.

15、Total salt content: the total amount of ions in water is called total salt content. The unit is expressed in mg / L (ppm in the past).

16、Turbidity: also known as turbidity. From the technical point of view, turbidity is a water quality substitute parameter to reflect the content of suspended solids in water. The main suspended matter in water is generally soil. The unit of standard turbidity is 1mg silica in 1L distilled water, which is expressed as 1ppm.

17、Total dissolved solids: TDS, also known as the total amount of dissolved solids, the unit of measurement is mg / L (mg / L), which indicates how many mg of dissolved solids are dissolved in 1 liter of water.

18、Resistance: according to Ohm's law, under a certain water temperature, the resistance value r of water is inversely proportional to the vertical cross-sectional area F of the electrode, and is directly proportional to the distance L between the electrodes.

19、Conductivity: the conductivity of water is called conductivity s (or conductivity).

20、Conductivity: the conductivity of water is the reciprocal of the resistance of water, which is usually used to express the purity of water.

21、Resistivity: the resistivity of water refers to the resistance between the opposite sides of a 1 cm cube of water at a certain temperature, and its unit is Ohm * cm (& omega* Cm) is generally a parameter indicating the quality of high purity water.

22、Softened water: refers to the water whose hardness (mainly refers to calcium and magnesium ions in water) is removed or reduced to a certain extent. During the softening process, only the hardness of water decreases, but the total salt content remains unchanged.

23、Desalted water: refers to the water whose salts (mainly strong electrolytes dissolved in water) are removed or reduced to a certain extent. The conductivity is generally 1.0 & mdash; 10.0μ S / cm, resistivity (25 ℃) 0.1 -- 1000000 & omega 5 mg / L.

24、Pure water: refers to the strong electrolyte and weak electrolyte (such as SiO2, C02, etc.) in water. Remove or reduce water to a certain extent. Its conductivity is generally 1.0 & mdash; 0.1μ S / cm, resistivity 1.0 -- 1000000 & omega cm。 The salt content is less than 1mg / L.

25、Ultrapure water: refers to the water in which the conductive medium in the water is almost completely removed, and the non dissociated gases, colloids and organic substances (including bacteria, etc.) are also removed to a very low level. Its conductivity is generally o.1 & mdash; 0.055μ S / cm, resistivity (25 ℃) > 10 & times; 1000000Ω. 1 mg / L. The ideal pure water (theoretically) conductivity is 0.05 & mu; The resistivity (25 ℃) is 18.3 & times; 1000000μ s/cm.

26、Deoxidized water: also known as deoxidized water, to remove dissolved oxygen in water, generally used for boiler water.

27、Ion exchange: a method of separation by using the different ion exchange ability between the exchangeable groups in the ion exchanger and various ions in the solution.

28、Cation exchange resin: with acid group. In aqueous solution, acidic groups can ionize to form H +, which can exchange with cations in water.

29、Anion resin: containing basic groups, they ionize in aqueous solution and exchange with anions.

30、Inert resin: no active group, no ion exchange, the relative density is generally controlled between the anion resin and the cation resin to separate the anion resin and the cation resin, so as to avoid the cross pollution of the anion resin and the cation resin during regeneration and make the regeneration more complete.

31、Microfiltration: MF, also known as microporous filtration, belongs to precision filtration. Microfiltration can remove micro or nano particles and bacteria from the solution.

32、Ultrafiltration: UF, one of the pressure driven membrane separation technologies. For the separation of macromolecules and small molecules, the pore size of the membrane is between 20-1000 A & deg.

33、Nanofiltration: NF is a pressure driven membrane separation process between reverse osmosis and ultrafiltration. The pore size of nanofiltration membrane is about several nanometers.

34、Permeation: permeation is the diffusion of water molecules through a semi permeable membrane. It infiltrates from high water molecular region (low concentration solution) into low water molecular region (high concentration solution).

35、Osmotic pressure: for the semi permeable membrane with different concentrations of water solution on both sides, the minimum additional pressure applied on the high concentration side in order to prevent water from penetrating from the low concentration side to the high concentration side is called osmotic pressure.

36、Reverse osmosis: RO, reverse osmosis is to manually pressurize water from concentrated solution to low concentration solution. The pore size of RO reverse osmosis membrane is as small as nanometer. Under a certain pressure, water molecules can pass through RO membrane, while inorganic salts, heavy metal ions, organic matters, colloids, bacteria, viruses and other impurities in source water cannot pass through RO membrane.

36、Dialysis: also known as dialysis. A membrane separation operation driven by concentration difference, which uses the selective permeability of the membrane to solute, realizes the separation of solute with different properties.

37、Electrodialysis: ED, the phenomenon that charged solute particles (such as ions) in the solution migrate through the membrane during electrodialysis under the action of electric field is called electrodialysis.

38、EDI: also known as continuous electric desalting technology, is a pure water manufacturing technology combining ion exchange technology, ion exchange membrane technology and ion electromigration technology.

39、Recovery rate: refers to the percentage of feed water converted into produced water or permeate in membrane system.

40、Desalination rate: the percentage of total soluble impurity concentration removed from the system inlet water by reverse osmosis membrane, or the percentage of specific components such as divalent ions or organic matter removed by nanofiltration membrane.

41、Salt permeability: the opposite value of desalination rate, which is the percentage of dissolved impurities in the influent passing through the membrane. Permeate: purified water produced by membrane system.

42、Flux: the flow rate of permeate per unit membrane area, usually expressed as liter per square meter per hour (lgm2h) or square foot per day (GFD).

43、Product water： The purified water solution is produced by reverse osmosis or nanofiltration system.

44、Concentrated water: the part of the solution that passes through the membrane, such as concentrated water in reverse osmosis or nanofiltration systems.

Source: sohu.com

Author: Xijie Chemical